Zusammenfassung
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der gynäkologischen Onkologie waren in den letzten Jahren
vor allem durch eine Weiterentwicklung der Chemo- und Strahlentherapie zu verzeichnen.
Beispielsweise ist eine Optimierung der Primärtherapie des Ovarialkarzinoms durch
Implementierung der Taxane, beim inoperablen Zervixkarzinom durch die Kombination
von Cisplatintherapie und Bestrahlung gelungen. Dennoch ist die Prognose dieser Erkrankungen
in fortgeschrittenen Stadien unverändert infaust. Aufgrund des Ausmaßes der Tumordissemination
ist eine weitere Verbesserung der therapeutischen Effizienz in diesen Fällen wiederum
von Seiten der konservativen Therapien zu erwarten. Eine der Optionen ist der Einsatz
der Hyperthermie. Sie ist in der Lage, sowohl die Strahlen- als auch die Chemotherapie
in ihrer Wirkung zu verstärken. Für die Thermo-Radiotherapie ist der klinische Nutzen
bereits ausreichend validiert. So wurde bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten in 11 prospektiv-randomisierten
Studien an mehr als 1 000 Patientinnen eine verbesserte lokale Tumorkontrolle nachgewiesen,
unter anderem beim Thoraxwandrezidiv von Mammakarzinomen. In der Primärbehandlung
des fortgeschrittenenen Zervixkarzinoms konnte darüber hinaus ein Überlebensvorteil
im Vergleich zur alleinigen Radiotherapie gezeigt werden. Zahlreiche Phase-II-Studien
weisen außerdem auf einen Synergismus zwischen Hyperthermie und Chemotherapie hin.
Entsprechende Daten liegen für die hypertherme Chemotherapie beim rezidivierenden
Zervixkarzinom und mit liposomalen Anthrazyklinen beim Mammakarzinom und Ovarialkarzinom
vor. Je nach Tumorlokalisation kommen die lokale Oberflächen- oder regionale Tiefenhyperthermie
zur Anwendung. Der genauere Stellenwert der Hyperthermie im Allgemeinen und in der
gynäkologischen Onkologie im Speziellen bleibt durch weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen
zu klären. Derzeit ist der Einsatz des Verfahrens in der klinischen Routine auf wenige
Indikationsgebiete begrenzt.
Abstract
In the last decade progress in gynecological oncology has been achieved mainly by
new cytotoxic drugs and advances in radiation technology. For example, the use of
taxanes in the primary therapy of ovarian cancers and of combined radio-chemotherapy
in cervical cancer has led to significant prolongations of survival. However, in case
of relapse most gynaecological malignancies are associated with very poor prognosis.
Efficacy of local and systemic therapy can be increased by combining radiotherapy
and/or chemotherapy with locoregional hyperthermia (LRH). Increasing the temperature
of the target tissue up to 41-43 °C leads to local hyperaemia and the tumor tissue
becomes more responsive to cytotoxic interventions. In several prospective randomized
studies the combination between LRH and radiotherapy was superior to radiotherapy
alone in terms of local control (e. g. chest wall recurrence in breast cancer) and
has led to longer overall survival in advanced cervical cancer. Platinum derivatives
and other cytotoxic drugs have shown synergistic effects with LRH and the combination
of both has elicited high response rates in recurrent cervical cancer. In phase-II-clinical
trials the newly developed liposomal anthracyclines demonstrated synergistic effects
with LRH in patients with refractory ovarian cancer. Our own experience has shown
that adding LRH to radio- and/or chemotherapy is well tolerated by the patients. Despite
of the fact, that the available data are still preliminary, the inclusion of LRH into
multimodal cancer therapy concepts appears to be very promising. Well-designed comparative
studies are still needed to evaluate the role of hyperthermia as an adjunct to conventional
cancer therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
regionale Tiefenhyperthermie - Lokale Oberflächenhyperthermie - Mammakarzinom - Zervixkarzinom
- Ovarialkarzinom
Key words
Regional hyperthermia - local hyperthermia - breast cancer - cervical cancer - ovarian
cancer
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Dr. med. J. Bischoff
Universitätsfrauenklinik der Medizinischen Fakultät · Otto-von-Guericke-Universität
Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 35
39108 Magdeburg
Email: joachim.bischoff@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de